73RD CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT ACT 1992 The 73rd Amendment bill passed by the parliament in December 1992 and constitutes a major milestone in the history of rural local government in India. It became enforcement from 24 the April 1993. In Constitution , part IX and schedule XI have been inserted with contains certain provisions for panchayat bodies at village, block and district level. Features of 73rd Amendment Act 1. Constitutional status to grass root democracy  2. Definition of Gram Sabha 3. Definition of Panchayat 4. Constitution of Panchayati Raj Institutions 5. Direct election of the members 6. Reservation of seats 7. Tenure of Panchayat 8. Powers and functions of PRIs - there are          29 subjects. 9. Sources of income of Panchayats 10. State election commission 11. State finance commission 12. District planning committee 13. Audit and accounts of Panchayats 14. Election petitions 15. Part not to apply ...

Economic slowdown in India  Economic slowdown is a process where the economic production is low but not stopped. Economic production is low due to to high tax , currency crunch ,issue  of bad loans and dumping of Online market. Causes of economic slowdown 1. Ignorance of economic experts like Raghu Ram Rajan , Advind subramanyam etc. 2. Ineffective Expenditure on schemes 3. Bad loans 4. Weak coordination between RBI and other Banks 5. Focus on defence sector than economy 6. Heavy taxation system and low productivity in market Effects of economic slowdown 1. Low productivity in market 2. High unemployment 3. Low GDP 4. Low growth rate 5. High fiscal deficit 6. High inflation 7. Forex debt 8. Imbalance of payment 9. Dependent on import than production 10. Ineffective flow of demand and supply. Solutions for economic slowdown 1. Decrease the taxation 2. Create better coordination between RBI and other Banks. 3. Loan should g...

   Privatisation in India Privatisation is refers to a process in which the market is going to be privatize. All resources, industries, agriculture, banking sector , fisheries , forestry considered to private companies or firms.  India is adopted the principle of privatisation in 1990.  Causes of Privatisation 1. Liberal form of state which means state perform minimum role like making of the laws. 2. People have invested in companies 3. Low tax over companies 4. High consuming market 5. Scope of responsible government 6. Higher growth of the state 7. Low economic offences Effects of Privatisation A) Positive effects 1. Employment opportunities 2. Start up ideas and growth of business 3. High standard of living 4. Low crime rate 5. Democratic Nature of Society 6. Feminisation of work culture 7. Corporate social responsibility for the nation and national security 8. Gender equality 9. Effective education and health care s...

Capitalism in Europe  Capitalism is ideology of market . Where market is separate from State. It is started in Europe from 16 century. Adam Smith is considered as father of economics who said free market concept. State perform minimum role like making of laws. Factors which rising the capitalism 1. Work is worship as do business no matter to waste your time in religion , Society etc. 2. Time is money which provides work is Great important than other. 3. Liberal democracy means government perform minimum role. 4. Individual role is important 5. People believe in this world not the heaven and hell. Effects of capitalism A) Positive effects 1. Emerging of market. 2. Respect of individual 3. Evolution of business and commerce. 4. Development of science and technology 5. Development of engineering like canal making, dam making. 6. Utilisation of resources 7. Monetize economy B) Negative effects 1. Loneliness of man 2. Emergence of depression...

    Suicide Suicide literal means self murder. Suicide is a huge social , psychological and moral problem. As per National Crime Record Bureau 2018 in every hour 1 student will doing suicide.  Emile Durkheim said Suicide is a social fact means it is a social problem.  Sigmund Freud said Suicide is creating by an individual due to mental pressure. Causes of suicide 1. Poverty 2. Unemployment 3. Loss of business 4. Dispute of property 5. Breaking of families 6. Death of any close relative 7. Family disputes 8. Social evils 9. Social Disorganization 10. Loneliness 11. Physical disease 12. Drugs  Ways of Prevention Suicide 1. Try to solve the problem 2. Family support 3. Proper investigation by police the case of suicide 4. Treat sympathetic way. 5. Employment opportunities 6. Physical exercise and meditation 7. Ethical studies 8. Role of religion is important 9. Go to the near the environment.

Domestic Violence It is violence created by family members . For example husband is slapping to wife or wife is slapping to husband. Causes of Domestic violence 1. Social change 2. Alcoholism 3. Misbehavior of childhood 4. Drug Abuse 5. Problems of personality 6. Marriage against will 7. Less income 8. Dowry 9. Unemployment 10. Clash of interest 11. Patriarchy How to stop it? 1. Domestic violence Act 2005 is a legal procedure to abolished it. 2. Mutual understanding 3. Effective sense of behavior 4. Mutual respect 5. Marriage at mature age 6. Equality of opinions.

Alcoholism Alcoholism is a Social and moral problem of Society. It is a serious issue of society where some of the states make laws to prohibit the alcohol.  Causes of Alcoholism 1. Mental tension 2. Bad company 3. Inadequate personality 4. Excessive Money 5. Breakdown of relations 6. For Fashion 7. For celebration  Effects of Alcoholism 1. Personal Disorganization such as depression, anxiety and suicide. 2. Family breakups 3. Violence 4. Increase crime rate 5. Societal disorders 6. Henius disease  Solutions for the Alcoholism 1. State should make law 2. Out door activities like sports 3. Awareness through media 4. Physical exercise and meditation 5. NGOs should make recreational centers.

                    Internet Culture Internet is the source of life in the modern Society. The traditional culture in terms of culture , customs and religion transformed into Social media , telecom and internet. Causes of internet culture 1. Collectivity with connectivity 2. Form of Modern capitalism 3. It's computer age 4. Advancement of science and technology 5. Economic growth of the world 6. Interchangeability of technology 7. Globalisation of the world Effects of Internet culture There are positive as well as negative effects of Internet culture.  Positive effects of Internet culture 1. Effective communication system 2. Easy and fast work 3. Adequate cost 4. Greater efficiency 5. To tackle the corruption Negative effects of Internet culture 1. Destruction of human society 2. Depression, anxiety and suicide of individuals 3. Breakdown of joint family 4. Weak outdoor culture ...

                     " BUDGET 2020" Bugdet 2020 is clean , reliable and robust financial sector. It is an effort to achieve $5trillion economy till 2024. Prominent themes of Budget 1. Ease of living 2. Governance 3. Financial sector 1. Ease of living 1.1 Aspirational India - Agriculture , irrigation and rural development. Health and wellness centers , education and skills. 1.2 Economic development - Industry , commerce and investment. Infrastructure and economy. 1.3 Caring Society - Women , child and social welfare. Culture and tourism . Environment and climate change. 2. Governance 2.1 structural reforms - Insolvency and Bankruptcy code , GST. 2.2 Digital revolution - Digital governance , social security pensions and National Infrastructure pipeline. 2.3 Inclusive growth - Preventive healthcare, clean energy , financial inclusion , credit support system and pension and Affordable housing....

Development Administration Nature Scope and significance Development Administration is an effort towards planned transformation of economy involving not only the sphere of administration but also politics and social development. Development Administration covers both the administration of development and development of administration.  Nature of development administration 1. Changing process of administration 2. Citizens participation 3. Goal orientation 4. Innovation 5. Attitudinal changes 6. New technologies and techniques 7. Development nature. 8. Emphasis on economic development Scope of development administration  The scope of development administration is extend from physical , mental and cultural development. 1. Extension and coordination 2. Programme planning 3. Project management 4. Area development  5. Urban administration 6. International co-operation 7. Human resources development  Significance of de...

Deputy commissioner The chief executive officer of district is called Deputy commissioner. There are so many government offices running by Deputy commissioner as District education officer District industries officer District civil supplies officer District public relations officer and others. Deputy commissioner is called as the eyes , ears , mouth and hands of government. Appointment  Deputy commissioner is always an IAS officer. President of India appoint the members of IAS on the recommendations of UPSC. FUNCTIONS OF DEPUTY COMMISSIONER A) As the chief executive officer B) As District collector C) As the Deputy commissioner D) As the District Magistrate A) As the chief executive officer 1. To maintain the law and order  2. He can enforce section 144 3. He can impose curfew 4. He enforces all the orders of state government 5. To send annual report regarding district administration to the state government 6. He also looks...